In an indirect fire attack, where is the water directed?

In an indirect fire attack, water is directed at the ceiling of the fire area. This technique is used to cool the superheated air and gases above the fire, which helps to create a steam barrier. When water is introduced at the ceiling level, it quickly vaporizes and expands, helping to push the hot gases and smoke down towards the firefighters and out of the building. This action not only reduces the temperature of the environment but also creates conditions that are safer for both the firefighters and any potential victims trapped within.

By targeting the ceiling, firefighters also take advantage of the natural movement of smoke and heat, allowing the steam generated to rise and then cool the fire from above, rather than directly engaging the flames at their base. This method is especially effective in confined spaces, where direct engagement could be dangerous and less effective due to the heat and smoke generated by the fire.