What is the term for the process where a solid, due to heat, breaks down to produce a flammable vapor?

The process in which a solid material, when subjected to heat, breaks down to produce flammable vapor is known as pyrolysis. This process occurs when the temperature increases, causing the solid to decompose chemically. Pyrolysis is a critical reaction in the fire context because the flammable vapors released can ignite and sustain combustion.

Understanding pyrolysis is essential for firefighters as it helps them recognize the behaviors of different materials when they are exposed to heat. This knowledge aids in predicting how a fire may develop and what precautions need to be taken during firefighting operations.

In contrast, oxidation refers to a chemical reaction where substances combine with oxygen, which doesn't specifically relate to the breakdown of solids into vapors. Combustion is the actual burning process that requires flammable vapors and an oxidizer to occur. Conflagration describes a large and destructive fire, which is a result of combustion rather than the process of solid breakdown. Therefore, pyrolysis is clearly the correct term for the described process.